{"id":2784,"date":"2013-10-16T17:47:02","date_gmt":"2013-10-16T16:47:02","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/bmscience.altervista.org\/blog\/?p=2784"},"modified":"2024-03-18T15:08:05","modified_gmt":"2024-03-18T14:08:05","slug":"il-codice-genetico-codoni-amminoacidi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bmscience.net\/blog\/il-codice-genetico-codoni-amminoacidi\/","title":{"rendered":"Il codice genetico: codoni e amminoacidi"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignright size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"740\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/10\/DNA-740x1024.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-20230\" style=\"width:248px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/10\/DNA-740x1024.png 740w, https:\/\/bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/10\/DNA-217x300.png 217w, https:\/\/bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/10\/DNA-768x1063.png 768w, https:\/\/bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/10\/DNA-1109x1536.png 1109w, https:\/\/bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/10\/DNA-1024x1418.png 1024w, https:\/\/bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/10\/DNA.png 1131w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 740px) 100vw, 740px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\">Il <strong>codice genetico<\/strong> \u00e8 l&#8217;insieme delle regole attraverso le quali viene tradotta l&#8217;informazione codificata nel materiale genetico. Questi, sono combinazioni di 3 <strong>nucleotidi<\/strong>, ciascuna delle quali corrisponde a un <strong>amminoacido<\/strong>. Le combinazioni di 3 nucleotidi si chiamano <strong>codoni<\/strong> o <strong>triplette<\/strong>. Il codice genetico si pu\u00f2 esprimere sia come sequenza di codoni di DNA sia come sequenza di codoni di mRNA. I codoni di <strong>mRNA<\/strong> sono quelli che vengono &#8220;letti&#8221; per la <strong>sintesi delle proteine<\/strong>, ma dipendono dalla sequenza originaria presente nel DNA.<br>Il codice genetico ha alcune importanti caratteristiche:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span style=\"line-height: 13px;\">\u00e8 <strong>ridondante<\/strong>: molti codoni sono sinonimi, cio\u00e8 indicano lo stesso amminoacido<\/span>;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00e8 <strong>non ambiguo<\/strong>: un amminoacido pu\u00f2 essere codificato da pi\u00f9 di una tripletta, ma ogni tripletta codifica sempre un solo amminoacido;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00e8 <strong>universale<\/strong>: ogni tripletta codifica sempre per un solo amminoacido in tutti gli organismi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\">Le triplette sono 64, di queste 61 corrispondono ad un amminoacido mentre tre, indicate come codoni non senso o stop (UAA, UGA, UAG), non corrispondono ad alcun amminoacido.<br>Poich\u00e9 gli amminoacidi che concorrono alla formazione delle proteine sono 20, essi in generale sono codificati da pi\u00f9 di un codone<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Il codice genetico degli organismi, attraverso il quale gli acidi nucleici &#8220;comunicano&#8221; con le proteine, fu decifrato dai ricercatori <strong>Marshall Nirenberg<\/strong> e <strong>Gobind Khorana<\/strong> che, per questa scoperta, ottennero il premio Nobel nel 1968.<\/p>\n\n\n<div id=\"bmscience1468496692\" style=\"margin-top: 15px;margin-bottom: 15px;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/amzn.to\/4lSp220\" target=\"_blank\" aria-label=\"Exp_Storefront_CTA_Banner_DT_02_3000x400\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Exp_Storefront_CTA_Banner_DT_02_3000x400-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Exp_Storefront_CTA_Banner_DT_02_3000x400-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Exp_Storefront_CTA_Banner_DT_02_3000x400-300x40.jpg 300w, https:\/\/bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Exp_Storefront_CTA_Banner_DT_02_3000x400-1024x137.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Exp_Storefront_CTA_Banner_DT_02_3000x400-768x102.jpg 768w, https:\/\/bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Exp_Storefront_CTA_Banner_DT_02_3000x400-1536x205.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Exp_Storefront_CTA_Banner_DT_02_3000x400-2048x273.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" width=\"2560\" height=\"341\"  style=\"display: inline-block;\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td>\n<p align=\"center\"><b>AMMINOACIDI:<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td><td colspan=\"6\">\n<p align=\"center\"><b>CODONI O TRIPLETTE:<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>METIONINA<\/td><td>AUG<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>ALANINA<\/td><td>GCU<\/td><td>GCC<\/td><td>GCA<\/td><td>GCG<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>ARGININA<\/td><td>CGU<\/td><td>CGC<\/td><td>CGA<\/td><td>CGG<\/td><td>AGA<\/td><td>AGG<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>ASPARAGINA<\/td><td>AAU<\/td><td>AAC<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>ACIDO ASPARTICO<\/td><td>GAU<\/td><td>GAC<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>ACIDO GLUTAMMICO<\/td><td>GAA<\/td><td>GAG<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>CISTEINA<\/td><td>UGU<\/td><td>UGC<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>GLUTAMMINA<\/td><td>CAA<\/td><td>CAG<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>GLICINA<\/td><td>GGU<\/td><td>GGC<\/td><td>GGA<\/td><td>GGG<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>ISTIDINA<\/td><td>CAU<\/td><td>CAC<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>ISOLEUCINA<\/td><td>AUU<\/td><td>AUC<\/td><td>AUA<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>LEUCINA<\/td><td>UUA<\/td><td>UUG<\/td><td>CUU<\/td><td>CUC<\/td><td>CUA<\/td><td>CUG<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>LISINA<\/td><td>AAA<\/td><td>AAG<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>FENILALANINA<\/td><td>UUU<\/td><td>UUC<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>PROLINA<\/td><td>CCU<\/td><td>CCC<\/td><td>CCA<\/td><td>CCG<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>SERINA<\/td><td>UCU<\/td><td>UCC<\/td><td>UCA<\/td><td>UCG<\/td><td>AGU<\/td><td>AGC<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>TRIPTOFANO<\/td><td>UGG<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>TREONINA<\/td><td>ACU<\/td><td>ACC<\/td><td>ACA<\/td><td>ACG<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>TIROSINA<\/td><td>UAU<\/td><td>UAC<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>VALINA<\/td><td>GUU<\/td><td>GUC<\/td><td>GUA<\/td><td>GUG<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">STOP \u2013 CODONI NON SENSO<\/span><\/td><td>UAA<\/td><td>UGA<\/td><td>UAG<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n<div id=\"bmscience2591154297\" style=\"margin-top: 15px;margin-bottom: 15px;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/amzn.to\/4d6VvOo\" target=\"_blank\" aria-label=\"61fiUGs4FBL._SX3000_\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/61fiUGs4FBL._SX3000_-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\"  srcset=\"https:\/\/bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/61fiUGs4FBL._SX3000_-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/61fiUGs4FBL._SX3000_-300x61.jpg 300w, https:\/\/bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/61fiUGs4FBL._SX3000_-1024x210.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/61fiUGs4FBL._SX3000_-768x157.jpg 768w, https:\/\/bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/61fiUGs4FBL._SX3000_-1536x315.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/61fiUGs4FBL._SX3000_-2048x419.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" width=\"2560\" height=\"524\"  style=\"display: inline-block;\" \/><\/a><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Il codice genetico \u00e8 l&#8217;insieme delle regole attraverso le quali viene tradotta l&#8217;informazione codificata nel materiale genetico. Questi, sono combinazioni di 3 nucleotidi, ciascuna delle quali corrisponde a un amminoacido. Le combinazioni di 3 nucleotidi si chiamano codoni o triplette. Il codice genetico si pu\u00f2 esprimere sia come sequenza di codoni di DNA sia come&hellip;<\/p>\n<p class=\"more\"><a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/bmscience.net\/blog\/il-codice-genetico-codoni-amminoacidi\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Il codice genetico: codoni e amminoacidi<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":6709,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"advgb_blocks_editor_width":"","advgb_blocks_columns_visual_guide":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[47],"tags":[450,1751,1754,3616,4669,5246,6880,7654],"class_list":["post-2784","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-biologia","tag-amminoacido","tag-codice-genetico","tag-codoni","tag-gobind-khorana","tag-marshall-nirenberg","tag-nucleotidi","tag-sintesi-delle-proteine","tag-triplette","entry"],"author_meta":{"display_name":"Raffo Coco","author_link":"https:\/\/bmscience.net\/blog\/author\/raffo\/"},"featured_img":null,"coauthors":[],"tax_additional":{"categories":{"linked":["<a href=\"https:\/\/bmscience.net\/blog\/category\/medicina\/biologia\/\" class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">Biologia<\/a>"],"unlinked":["<span class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">Biologia<\/span>"]},"tags":{"linked":["<a href=\"https:\/\/bmscience.net\/blog\/category\/medicina\/biologia\/\" class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">amminoacido<\/a>","<a href=\"https:\/\/bmscience.net\/blog\/category\/medicina\/biologia\/\" class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">codice genetico<\/a>","<a href=\"https:\/\/bmscience.net\/blog\/category\/medicina\/biologia\/\" class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">codoni<\/a>","<a href=\"https:\/\/bmscience.net\/blog\/category\/medicina\/biologia\/\" class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">Gobind Khorana<\/a>","<a href=\"https:\/\/bmscience.net\/blog\/category\/medicina\/biologia\/\" class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">Marshall Nirenberg<\/a>","<a href=\"https:\/\/bmscience.net\/blog\/category\/medicina\/biologia\/\" class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">nucleotidi<\/a>","<a href=\"https:\/\/bmscience.net\/blog\/category\/medicina\/biologia\/\" class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">sintesi delle proteine<\/a>","<a href=\"https:\/\/bmscience.net\/blog\/category\/medicina\/biologia\/\" class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">triplette<\/a>"],"unlinked":["<span class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">amminoacido<\/span>","<span class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">codice genetico<\/span>","<span class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">codoni<\/span>","<span class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">Gobind Khorana<\/span>","<span class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">Marshall Nirenberg<\/span>","<span class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">nucleotidi<\/span>","<span class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">sintesi delle proteine<\/span>","<span class=\"advgb-post-tax-term\">triplette<\/span>"]}},"comment_count":"0","relative_dates":{"created":"Pubblicato 12 anni fa","modified":"Aggiornato 2 anni fa"},"absolute_dates":{"created":"Pubblicato il 16\/10\/2013","modified":"Aggiornato il 18\/03\/2024"},"absolute_dates_time":{"created":"Pubblicato il 16\/10\/2013 17:47","modified":"Aggiornato il 18\/03\/2024 15:08"},"featured_img_caption":"","series_order":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2784","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2784"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2784\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-json\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2784"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2784"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bmscience.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2784"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}